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An Israeli airstrike on a multi-story building in northern Gaza killed at least 27 people, relief officials said, as the Israeli military issued new evacuation orders in the area, where it is mounting a major offensive.

The home of the Mbahouh family in Jabalya was struck on Thursday afternoon, according to the spokesperson for Gaza’s Civil Defense, Mahmoud Basal.

He said the four-story property was sheltering more than 50 displaced people, and some had been trapped in a warehouse at the bottom of the building.

The Israeli military campaign in Gaza since the October 7 Hamas-led attacks has demolished entire neighborhoods and rendered large swathes of the strip uninhabitable.

At least 43,469 Palestinians have been killed and another 102,561 people injured in Gaza, according to the Ministry of Health there.

Human rights agencies warned of “apocalyptic” survival challenges for Palestinians trapped in Jabalya, home to a large refugee camp, where the Israeli military ramped up aerial and ground attacks in early October that it says are targeting Hamas’ renewed presence in the area.

Israeli airstrikes and shelling reportedly killed at least 30 other people in Gaza since Wednesday. Most of those Palestinians were killed by Israeli attacks in the Beit Lahiya area of northern Gaza.

An Israeli airstrike struck a residential building in the Mashrou’ neighborhood of Beit Lahiya, killing six people and injuring several others, journalists and medics say, who added that a further six people were killed in second strike in the same area. Four others were killed in a separate drone strike in Beit Lahiya, they said.

In addition, six people had been killed, according to local journalists, as a result of Israeli artillery shelling west of Jabalya camp in northern Gaza.

New evacuation orders

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said that “troops started to operate in the area of Beit Lahiya following prior intelligence information and a situational assessment indicating the presence of terrorists and terrorist infrastructure.”

The IDF said it also continues operations in Jabalya in northern Gaza and had killed some “50 terrorists” over the past day.

The military’s Arabic spokesperson, Avichay Adraee, posted on X a demand that residents leave several areas of northern Gaza, saying that “once again, terrorist organizations are launching rocket attacks toward the state of Israel.”

Adraee said that the “specified area has been warned multiple times previously. We inform you that the specified area is considered a dangerous combat zone, so for your safety, move south immediately.”

“They were at home when suddenly a missile hit their building… They have no connection to any organizations or anything like that. They were unarmed, poor people with difficult circumstances, who struggled to build this home.”

Among those in the building were orphans who had been raised by their grandmother, Abu Najeh said.

Israeli operations also continue in southern Gaza, where the IDF said Thursday that a “number of armed terrorists” had been killed in the Rafah area.

The Palestine Red Crescent said paramedics had transferred five bodies to hospital as a result of an Israeli drone attack in the Al-Janina neighborhood, east of Rafah city in the southern Gaza Strip. Journalists said four of those killed were from the same family.

Additionally, they said, two people were killed in a strike launched from an Israeli military quadcopter.

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Three people have been charged in Argentina for crimes related to the death of Liam Payne, a former member of the boyband One Direction, according to the public prosecutor’s office.

A hotel employee and a suspected drug dealer are among the three individuals charged for the crimes of “abandonment of a person before a death, supply and facilitation of narcotics,” Argentina’s National Criminal and Correctional Prosecutor’s Office also said Thursday.

The British pop star, who was 31, died on October 16 after falling from the third floor of a hotel in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The late singer had alcohol, cocaine, and a prescription antidepressant in his system before his death, according to the prosecutor’s statement.

Toxicology analysis indicated that Payne “may have fallen into a state of semi or total unconsciousness,” it said.

The prosecutor’s office also said medical examinations confirmed that the singer’s injuries were “compatible with those caused by falling from a height.” Examinations ruled out self-inflicted injuries or the intervention of other people, the office added.

Who is being investigated?

Investigators are launching investigations into the three individuals after gathering and reviewing evidence, which included over 800 hours of video, the office added.

The first individual is someone whom authorities believe spent time with Payne “on a daily basis” during his visit to Buenos Aires. The suspect is being charged for “abandonment of a person before a death and the supply and facilitation of narcotics.”

The second suspect is a hotel employee who “must answer” for allegedly supplying cocaine to the singer on “two occasions” during Payne’s stay at the CasaSur Palermo Hotel, the statement read. The third person is someone believed by authorities to be a “narcotics supplier” and is suspected of providing drugs to the artist on October 14.

It is unclear if any of the three suspects are currently detained.

Payne’s cell phone also underwent a “forensic extraction,” and authorities were able to analyze calls, text messages, chats in messaging and social media apps, the prosecutor’s office wrote.

He had spoken openly about his struggles with substance abuse and his mental health. In the summer of 2023, Payne said he was marking six months of sobriety after completing treatment in a US facility. Payne’s tour was set to kick off in South America in September of that year, but he had to postpone the scheduled dates after suffering a kidney infection.

Payne rocketed to global stardom as part of One Direction, the massively popular boyband that was created on the British version of the X Factor in 2010. The group, which included members Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, Niall Horan and Zayn Malik, announced an “indefinite hiatus” in 2016.

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Germany’s governing coalition has collapsed after disagreements over the country’s weak economy led Chancellor Olaf Scholz to sack his finance minister.

Christian Lindner’s dismissal prompted him to withdraw his Free Democrats Party (FDP) from a coalition with Scholz’s Social Democratic Party (SPD), leaving Scholz in a minority government with the Green Party.

Scholz said he would now call a confidence vote for January 15, which, if he lost, could allow elections to be held by the end of March next year – six months earlier than the elections planned for September 2025.

Germany now faces turmoil at a time of broader uncertainty. The political crisis was triggered just hours after it was announced former US President Donald Trump will get a second term – an election outcome that could bring further woes to Germany’s economy as well as threaten Europe’s united front on key issues. Here’s what we know.

Is a snap election unusual for Germany?

Political stability is the norm for Germany, with power largely moving between the SPD and conservative rival, the CDU. The country’s previous leader, Angela Merkel, held power for 16 years and was a steady presence on the European stage as others came and went. She had a famously testy relationship with Trump.

Germany’s last snap election was in 2005. They were called by then-Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, who subsequently lost to Merkel.

Merkel retired from her position as German chancellor in 2021.

The center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD) stepped up to fill the gap she left when it emerged as the largest party in Germany’s parliament, or Bundestag, in the 2021 federal election. Following the all-powerful and ever-popular Merkel was always going to be fraught with difficulties.

The SPD cobbled together a government with the FDP and the Greens, which have ruled as a “traffic light” coalition since December of that year, referring to the different parties colors.

How successful has Germany’s “traffic light” coalition been?

Bringing together three ideologically different parties into one coalition has not always made for a comfortable alliance, and the SPD-led coalition has faced challenges from the start.

The alliance brought together the FDP, a business-focused party that advocates for a free market and a fiscally conservative approach, with the SPD and the Greens, two left-wing parties that require government spending for social and environmental policies.

The coalition has been at loggerheads over how to revive Germany’s economy. It has also been under pressure from burgeoning far-right, as well as more recently, far-left forces.

The Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) made significant gains in recent years, becoming the first far-right party to win a state election since the Nazi era in September, when it emerged as the strongest in the eastern state of Thuringia.

In efforts to counter the AfD, Scholz’s government was spurred into action on migration, announcing new security measures aimed at speeding up the deportation of rejected asylum seekers and shoring up border controls.

Why have things collapsed now?

Months of tensions over Germany’s budget policy and economic direction boiled over on Wednesday. Essentially, Scholz’s demands for investment have clashed with Lindner’s more prudent approach to government borrowing.

Scholz said he fired Lindner for blocking his economic plans, telling reporters, “Lindner showed no willingness to implement any of our proposals” and, therefore, “there is no trust basis for any future cooperation.”

Lindner meanwhile accused Scholz of having asked him to pause the “debt brake” – a constitutional article that prevents the government from borrowing excessively and amassing debt – something Lindner said he was not willing to do.

The rhetoric coming from Scholz and Lindner was uncharacteristically pointed. The chancellor told reporters Wednesday night that Lindners’ “egoism is totally incomprehensible.”

Still looming over the government is the thorny issue of how to plug next year’s budget, which has a multi-billion-euro gap. With the FDP now not in the picture, its passage is even more complicated.

Carsten Brzeski, a senior economist at Dutch bank ING, cited “never-ending tensions” within the German government as well as “clear disagreement on how to get the German economy out of its current state of stagnation and structural weakness” as reasons for the collapse.

What problems is Germany’s economy facing?

Germany’s economy, Europe’s largest, shrank last year for the first time since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Over the last five years, it has grown only 0.2% , compared with 4.6% growth in the 20 countries that use the euro, 4.1% in France and 5.5% in Italy.

There are a number of reasons for Germany’s economic stagnation. The country’s energy-intensive businesses have suffered from the lingering impact of the energy crisis sparked by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Germany’s problems are also structural, ranging from high labor costs, a rapidly aging population and red tape to outdated physical and digital infrastructure.

It faces competition from China in the manufacturing of some of its main exports, which has delivered high-profile damage to Germany’s famous automobile industry. Volkswagen, Germany’s largest manufacturer, is considering factory closures in its home country for the first time in its 87-year history.

What happens now?

Scholz is expected to head a minority government. He would have to rely on cobbled-together parliamentary majorities to pass legislation, until the vote of confidence in January.

He will likely turn to Merz and the CDU – Germany’s most popular party – for support to pass legislation in the short term.

But piling pressure on Scholz, CDU leader Friedrich Merz, the leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) opposition party, has meanwhile said this is too long, and demanded a confidence vote by the beginning of next week “at the latest” rather than early next year.

The collapse of the governing coalition and political uncertainty may serve to bolster support for the far-right as people increasingly lose faith in the mainstream parties. Party leader Alice Weidel has already hailed the coalition’s collapse as a “liberation” for Germany.

“The end of the traffic light coalition is a liberation for our country. The end of the self-proclaimed ‘progressive coalition’ that took Germany to the brink of economic ruin was more than overdue,” Weidel wrote on X.

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China is bracing for what could be a volatile and highly unpredictable path ahead in its escalating great power rivalry with the United States, after Donald Trump made a historic political comeback to win the race to the White House.

His return could bring tariffs as high as 60% on Chinese goods – which could devastate economic growth in the world’s second largest economy and upend global supply chains – more technology controls and fiery rhetoric on Beijing, heightening tension in already rocky relations between the superpowers.

But Trump’s protectionist trade posture and transactional approach to foreign policy may also weaken US alliances and global leadership, presenting opportunities for Beijing to fill the void of America’s retreat and shape an alternative world order.

“Trump’s return to power will certainly bring greater opportunities and greater risks for China,” said Shen Dingli, a foreign policy analyst in Shanghai. “Whether it eventually leads to more risks or more opportunities depend on how the two sides interact with each other.”

Officially, China has sought to present a neutral stance on Trump’s win. Its Foreign Ministry said on Wednesday it “respected” America’s choice.

Chinese leader Xi Jinping congratulated Trump on Thursday. Known for his fondness for autocrats, Trump has regularly praised Xi and called the Chinese leader “a very good friend,” even as US-China relations nosedived under his watch.

Xi told the president-elect that China and America can “find the right way” to “get along in the new era,” according to a readout from the Chinese Foreign Ministry.

But beneath the calm surface, Beijing is likely bracing for impact – and uncertainties.

“Trump is a very mercurial person,” said Liu Dongshu, an assistant professor of international affairs at the City University of Hong Kong. “It remains to be seen whether he will implement, and to what extent, the policies he promised during the election campaign, and if he will stick to his first-term agenda.”

Sky-high tariffs

During Trump’s first term in office, the tough-talking populist who promised to make “America great again” launched a bruising trade war with China, backlisted Chinese telecom giant Huawei on national security grounds and blamed Beijing for the Covid-19 pandemic. By the end of his first term, bilateral relations had plunged to their lowest point in decades.

This time around, Trump has threatened on the campaign trail to slap 60% tariffs on all goods made in China and revoke its “permanent normal trade relations” status, which has given China the most favorable trade terms with the US for more than two decades.

This punitive measure, if carried through, could deliver a body blow to an economy already beset by a property crisis, flagging consumer demand, falling prices and mounting local government debts.

Investment bank Macquarie estimates that, at the sky-high 60% level, the tariffs are likely to cut the country’s growth by a full two percentage points, which would be just under half of China’s expected full-year economic expansion rate of 5%.

“Trade war 2.0 could end China’s ongoing growth model, in which exports and manufacturing have been the main growth driver,” Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie, wrote in a Wednesday research note.

Investors appeared to predict this outcome as Trump’s lead over Vice President Kamala Harris widened on Wednesday, causing Chinese stocks and the yuan to fall sharply.

Tariffs act as a tax on imports, hurting consumers in the country imposing them, as well as businesses that rely on imported raw materials and intermediate goods to make finished products. A significant escalation of global trade tensions will likely inflict pain not just on China and the US, but also on other countries involved in global supply chains.

Unlike his Republican predecessors who hailed from the establishment, Trump wields an erratic and unconventional approach to policy making, adding to Beijing’s sense of uncertainty.

“Trump began his first term as an enthusiastic admirer of Xi Jinping, before levying tariffs and then vilifying Beijing during the pandemic,” said Daniel Russel, vice president of international security and diplomacy at the Asia Society Policy Institute.

“So, Beijing is likely to approach the President-elect with caution — probing to ascertain which Trump to expect and where there may be opportunities to exploit,” added Russel, who previously served as the top Asia advisor to former President Barack Obama.

Challenges and opportunities

But Trump’s “America First” agenda and transactional worldview may also play in Beijing’s favor, experts say.

“Although Beijing is deeply concerned about the unpredictability of Trump’s China policy, it reminds itself that challenges also bring opportunities,” said Tong Zhao, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

“Despite fears of a renewed trade war, Beijing believes that Trump’s tough tariff policies would be deeply unpopular in Europe, creating an opening for China to strengthen economic ties with Europe and counter US efforts to intensify technology and supply chain decoupling between China and Western nations,” he said.

Trump’s longstanding distain for NATO (he said in February he would not defend NATO allies that fail to spend enough on defense from a future attack by Russia), as well as international alliances and institutions more broadly, also threatens to weaken American alliances that outgoing President Joe Biden has carefully cultivated to counter the threats of a rising China.

That would offer some timely relief to Beijing, which is increasingly irritated by what it sees as Washington’s strategy to encircle and contain China with an “Asian Nato.”

America’s potential inward turn under Trump will also be welcome news for Xi, who has ramped up efforts to claim leadership in the Global South and build a new world order no longer dominated by the West.

Taiwan and relations with Russia

Beijing may also be looking for ways to utilize Trump’s penchant for deal-making, including on the issue of Taiwan. China’s ruling Communist Party claims the island as its own, despite never having controlled it.

Under the previous Trump administration, which was staffed with China hawks, the US bolstered support for Taiwan through increased arms sales and diplomatic visits. But the former leader’s recent comments have fueled concerns about American commitment to the democratic island.

On the campaign trail, Trump accused Taiwan of “stealing” the chip industry from the US and said that the self-governing democracy should pay the US for protection.

Industry experts say Taiwan grew its own semiconductor industry organically through a combination of foresight, hard work and investment. And the island has purchased the vast majority of its weaponry from US arms manufacturers over recent decades. But Trump’s campaign rhetoric nonetheless hinted at a more transactional approach to Taiwan.

Asked by the Wall Street Journal in an interview if he would use military force against a blockade on Taiwan by China, Trump said it would not come to that because Xi respected him and knows he’s “crazy.” Instead, he said he would slap 150% to 200% tariffs on Beijing.

“With Trump’s relatively less strong interest in defending Taiwan, Beijing may seek greater concessions from Washington on the Taiwan issue, using both positive incentives and coercive leverage to push the United States to reduce its military and political support for Taiwan,” Zhao said.

Trump, who has touted his good relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin, has made comments that suggest the US could pressure Ukraine into an uneasy truce with Russia.

While ending the grinding war in Ukraine could remove a crucial sore point in China-Europe relations, it could also complicate Moscow’s alignment with Beijing, which has deepened since Russia’s invasion, said Liu at the City University of Hong Kong.

“If the US and Russia ease relations, it could create greater daylight between Russia and China, effectively driving a wedge between them.” Liu said.

“From everything he has said, it’s clear that Trump considers China, not Russia, as the main adversary.”

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Israeli soccer fans were attacked in a “serious incident of violence in Amsterdam” overnight into Friday, Israeli authorities said, with the government saying it was sending planes to evacuate affected citizens.

Hundreds of fans of Israel’s Maccabi Tel Aviv soccer team “were ambushed and attacked in Amsterdam” on Thursday night as they left the stadium following a Europa League game against Dutch side Ajax, the Israeli embassy to the United States said on social media platform X.

Social media video shared by the embassy showed videos of what it said was violence against Maccabi fans.

Israeli foreign minister Gideon Sa’ar said 10 citizens were injured and advised citizens to stay in their hotels.

“The impression from the reports (are) that the situation is calming down in the last hour,” Sa’ar said.

In a statement from his office, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called the violence “serious” and said he was ordering the “immediate release of two rescue planes” to assist Israeli citizens.

The Israeli leader also urged Dutch authorities to “act firmly and quickly against the rioters and ensure the peace of our citizens.”

Israel’s foreign ministry overnight Friday said about thirty people have been arrested so far. The statement did not say when those arrests were made or who was arrested.

Maccabi fans had been in the Dutch capital ahead of Thursday night’s Europa League game against Ajax.

Amsterdam’s police said it boosted its presence in the city’s center on Wednesday night, citing “tensions” in several areas, one day ahead of the soccer match.

Officers “prevented a confrontation between a group of taxi drivers and a group of visitors who came from the adjacent casino” on Wednesday night, the police said in a statement on X, noting another incident in which a Palestinian flag was torn down in Amsterdam’s center by unknown perpetrators.

The police also said a demonstration was planned on Thursday near the stadium ahead of the soccer match between Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv.

This is a developing story and will be updated.

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France condemned the brief detention of two consulate members after it said Israeli police forced their way into a French-owned holy site in Jerusalem, in what is the latest diplomatic spat in a series of events that have sent relations between the two plummeting.

France’s Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot was due to visit the French-owned Eleona church compound, which houses a sanctuary, on Thursday when the incident occurred.

Armed Israeli officers entered the site without authorization, France’s Foreign Ministry said, arresting the two consulate staff members “despite the fact that they are officials with diplomatic status” and prompting Barrot to abandon his visit.

The employees were later released following the intervention of the minister, France’s Foreign Ministry statement said.

In a separate statement, Israel’s Foreign Ministry said an argument arose between Israeli security forces and two French security guards “who refused to identify themselves.”

“The two were detained by the police and released immediately after identifying themselves as diplomats,” it said, adding that the Israeli security officers were accompanying the foreign minister on his official visit.

The Eleona church compound on the Mount of Olives is one of four French-owned sites in Jerusalem that make up the French national domain in the Holy Land and is administered by French authorities.

France’s Foreign Ministry said it would summon Israel’s ambassador in the coming days.

“This violation of the integrity of a site under French responsibility risks weakening the ties I had come to nurture with Israel at a time when we all need to move forward in the region on the path to peace,” Barrot told reporters while in Jerusalem.

Barrot was meeting with Israeli officials on Thursday where he urged for diplomatic solutions to end the wars in Gaza and Lebanon amid repeated calls for a ceasefire, following spiraling international alarm over huge civilian casualties over the last year.

The visit comes at a time of heightened tensions between the two countries following calls by French President Emmanuel Macron to end arms exports to Israel for use in Gaza.

Relations between Israel and France, as well as other European countries, which had been initially strained over Gaza, have further deteriorated since Israel’s ground operation against the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.

European nations, including France, have expressed outrage over Israeli military strikes at posts of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in southern Lebanon, UNIFIL. Israel said it has no intention of harming the UN’s peacekeeping forces in southern Lebanon but accused Hezbollah of using UNIFIL personnel as human shields.

Macron slammed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu last month of “sowing barbarism” in remarks at a conference convened by the French president to support the Lebanese people and military.

The French government also attempted to ban Israeli weapons firms from exhibiting at a trade fair in Paris later this month, which was later reversed by a French court, Reuters reported.

In recent years, there have been several incidents between French officials and Israeli security officers at French-administered sites in Jerusalem.

In 2020, Macron was involved in an altercation with Israeli security officers while visiting the Church of Saint Anne, another territory it owns, where he was seen shouting “I don’t like what you did in front of me.”

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Vampire bats have been put on a treadmill as a study showed the special way they use blood for energy – as well as how quickly they can run.

Footage shows one bat using its wings to sprint along inside a plastic box at up to 30 metres per minute.

The vampire bat is one of only a few species that can manoeuvre skilfully on land.

It uses this ability to quietly approach sleeping prey, such as cattle, pigs and chickens, before making an incision with its razor-sharp teeth.

Twenty-four vampire bats were captured from Belize and fed enriched cows’ blood for the Canadian study.

Researchers looked at the carbon dioxide they exhaled on the treadmill and found traces of amino acids, the building blocks of protein.

The ratio of CO2 to oxygen (respiratory exchange ratio) stayed the same at all speeds.

It suggests the bats’ main source of energy was their protein-rich blood meal, rather than the stored carbohydrate and fat primarily used by most other mammals.

Researchers say it shows “how strongly metabolism can be shaped by a specialized diet” because the diet of vampire bats is relatively low in carbohydrate and fat.

Common vampire bats are only about 7-9cm long but can double their weight after one blood-sucking feeding session.

They emerge at night, using sonar to navigate and detecting prey using heat sensors in their face. A strong anticoagulant in their saliva stops the blood of their prey from clotting during a meal.

The study, by Giulia Rossi at McMaster University and Kenneth Welch from University of Toronto, is published in the journal Biology Letters.

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This year is “virtually certain” to eclipse 2023 as the world’s warmest since records began, likely averaging 1.55C to above pre-industrial levels, the EU earth observation agency said.

The record heat has primarily been fuelled by climate change, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said, turbo-charging dangerous weather like deadly flooding in Spain, ferocious hurricanes Helene and Milton in the US and record wildfires in Peru.

It would make 2024 the first year that temperatures averaged at 1.5C warmer than levels before humans started burning fossil fuels at scale.

It surpasses last year’s record of 1.48C above the global pre-industrial average. Figures like that 1.48C, smooth out extremes, which is why it might not have felt hot in every corner of the globe.

This year’s expected breach of that 1.5C goal, enshrined in the Paris climate agreement, is likely temporary rather than a permanent breach, and was also fuelled by the warming El Nino weather phenomenon.

But it is a sign of what’s to come, C3S warned.

The data lands as analysts warn the re-election of Donald Trump could slow global efforts to tackle climate change, just as a critical 2030 deadline to slash emissions approaches.

Mr Trump’s campaign team indicated he would pull the US out of the Paris Agreement again, dampening expectations for the UN COP29 climate summit starting in Baku next week.

Almost 200 countries will meet to thrash out the collective next steps towards tackling climate change, focusing on funding climate measures in developing nations, a concept Mr Trump has previously criticised.

Last year at COP28 in Dubai, countries agreed to “transition away from fossil fuels”, the number one cause of climate change.

But progress has been marginal, Sky News analysis has found, and Mr Trump has pledged to “drill, baby, drill” in the US, the world’s largest oil producer.

“The fundamental, underpinning cause of this year’s record is climate change,” C3S director Carlo Buontempo said.

“The climate is warming, generally. It’s warming in all continents, in all ocean basins. So we are bound to see those records being broken.”

Carbon dioxide emissions from burning coal, oil and gas are the main cause of global warming.

Sonia Seneviratne, a climate scientist at public research university ETH Zurich, said she the milestone is not surprising, and urged governments at COP29 to speed up efforts to ditch planet-heating fossil fuels.

“The limits that were set in the Paris agreement are starting to crumble given the too-slow pace of climate action
across the world,” Seneviratne said.

Mr Buontempo now expects the world to exceed the Paris goal permanently around 2030.

“It’s basically around the corner now,” he said.

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HS2 is spending more than £100m on a “shed” to protect bats on a section of the line, even though there is “no evidence that high-speed trains interfere with bats”, the project company’s chairman has said. 

Sir Jon Thompson said the 1km (0.6 mile) curved structure at Sheephouse Wood in Buckinghamshire will create a barrier so the creatures can fly over the railway without being affected by passing trains as all bats are legally protected in the UK.

He told the Rail Industry Association’s annual conference in London on Thursday HS2 is calling the building “a shed”, and it is being built to appease Whitehall advisory body, Natural England.

Sir Jon warned his audience they would not believe it, but the shed “cost more than £100m to protect the bats in this wood”.

It was, he said, an example of the UK’s “genuine problem” with completing major infrastructure projects, explaining that the government-owned company has had to obtain 8,276 consents from other public bodies related to planning, transport and the environment to build phase one of the railway between the capital and Birmingham.

He said: “People say you’ve gone over the budget, but did people think about the bats [when setting the budget]?

“I’m being trite about it but I’m trying to illustrate one example of the 8,276 of these [consents].”

Other, costlier options were also looked at while the High Speed Two (London to West Midlands) Act was going through parliament, he said, including boring a tunnel and re-routing the railway away from the wood.

Even after Natural England approved the design, the company had to spend “hundreds of thousands of pounds” on lawyers and environmental specialists because the local council did not approve the work, Sir Jon said.

“In the end, I won the planning permission by going above Buckinghamshire Council’s head,” he explained.

Sir Jon, who has led the project since Mark Thurston left his role as chief executive in September 2023, warned in January that the estimated cost for phase one has soared to as much as £66.6bn.

In 2013, HS2 was estimated to cost £37.5bn (in 2009 prices) for the entire planned network, including now-scrapped extensions from Birmingham to both Manchester and Leeds.

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China says it’s a developing country, so it doesn’t have to pay into a major new fund to help poor countries cope with climate change. The United States disagrees.

This is at the heart of an almighty row about to boil over at the UN COP29 climate talks next week in Azerbaijan.

Or is it all just an elaborate “distraction”?

Driving this brewing storm is something called “climate finance”.

It’s been whipped up further by the re-election of Donald Trump, a climate denier expected to withdraw the world’s largest historic greenhouse gas emitter from global efforts to tackle climate change.

Why do countries pay for overseas climate aid?

Back in 2009, 23 developed countries – including the UK, US and Japan, and the EU – agreed to pay $100bn (£75.5bn) a year by 2020 to developing nations, to help them ditch fossil fuels and adapt to a harsher, hotter climate.

The new fund was a victory for poorer countries, even though the sum is just a drop in the ocean of the trillions they now need.

It acknowledged that high-income countries have done far more to cause climate change, with their larger economies and more polluting lifestyles. While poorer nations are disproportionately battered by the impacts, like the flooding that swamped Pakistan in 2022, or drought that has eaten away at Malawi’s crops.

Meanwhile they are pressured to forego their own fossil fuel-powered development and go straight for clean energy, which is much harder for them to finance.

“The stakes couldn’t be higher,” said Malawian negotiator, Evans Njewa, representing a group of 47 least-developed countries.

“We can’t keep paying the price for a crisis we didn’t cause.”

But 2020 came and went, and the donors missed the target of $100bn a year – finally hitting it in 2022.

That fund expires after 2025, and plans for a new, bigger one will be fought over for two weeks in Baku, Azerbaijan’s capital.

The US, UK, EU and other leaders had planned to push for five to 10 more wealthy developing economies to start chipping into the piggy bank.

But developing countries suspect foul play.

The list of countries that just won’t die

When the first fund was agreed, the list of donor countries was based on an old Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) list from 1992.

Back then, countries like China, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE and Korea were regarded as developing countries.

And a lot has changed since then.

China, for example, is now the world’s largest polluter, second-largest economy and has been to the moon.

The ‘distraction’

But here’s the thing.

China already voluntarily pays an average of $4.5bn of climate finance a year, according to analysis by the World Resources Institute (WRI), though not on very friendly terms.

Korea also voluntarily pays. So does Saudi Arabia. The list goes on.

And China’s emissions per person are on average 8 tonnes per year, but the average American’s is almost double at 14.9 tonnes.

That’s partly why the US gets accused of failing to pay its “fair share” of climate finance – a measure devised by thinktanks like US-based WRI to assess what proportion of climate finance developed countries should pay, based on their wealth and their responsibility for climate change.

In 2023 the US paid $9.5bn – it was much less under President Trump during his last term.

A spokesperson for the Chinese embassy to the UK said: “Providing financial support to developing countries is an unshirkable moral responsibility of developed countries and, more importantly, an obligation they must fulfil under international law, including the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and the Paris Agreement.”

They added: “Developed countries promised to provide US$100 billion per year for climate action in developing countries in 2009, but for too long they have only paid lip service, and now they owe developing countries over US$300bn in total.” Sky News could not independently verify the $300bn figure.

Li Shuo, director of the China Climate Hub at the Asia Society Policy Institute in Washington DC, said: “The Chinese authority sees this ‘new contributor’ conversation as a distraction, as a way for the US to hide behind its climate finance deficit.”

Other vulnerable nations also fear rich countries are trying to “dilute” their contributions, and more wallets will not equal more money in the pot.

The US-China ‘fistfight’

In no uncertain terms, the US rejected any concept of a “fair share”.

A senior US official, speaking before the election, said: “The $100bn is a collective goal. It doesn’t specify any particular allocations… there is no ‘fair share’ concept embedded in it.”

Shuo said the political context is very different from when previous funds were agreed. “We’re dealing with a geopolitical fist fight between the two biggest economies and emitters in the world, the US and China.

The bilateral tension generates a “desire from each side to finger point”, he said.

What impact will the US election have?

“There’s also a very strong reason to believe that this US climate finance deficit will persist,” Shuo said.

Trump, who calls climate change a “scam”, is expected to wrench the US out of the landmark Paris Agreement again, stopping much US money from flowing abroad, but also diminishing its influence.

The talks in Baku will continue regardless, and the US team will still be taking their cues from Biden, but their case will be met with scepticism and mistrust.

“Pushing for more ambitious climate finance is going to be almost impossible without the US buy-in, which will demotivate developing countries from taking seriously the climate ambitions of the West,” said Elisabetta Cornago, a
senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform.

EU leaders will have to work even harder to convince new countries like China and some Gulf states to pay in – but if successful would find it slightly easier to sell the new fund back at home, where finances are squeezed and some countries have shifted to the right.

How big is big?

Developing countries will soon need at least $1.3bn a year to cope with climate change, according to various analyses.

But given domestic politics, and a likely soon absent US, the goal in that region is unlikely.

That’s why donor countries want the next fund – known in UN jargon as the new collective quantified goal (NCQG) on climate finance – to have multiple layers.

Firstly, a replacement for the previous $100bn, with more countries paying in public money.

This would be followed by one or two further tiers including private sector cash and other levers governments could pull to channel in more money, like de-risking lending, or levies on polluting industries like fossil fuels, shipping and aviation.

But Michai Robertson, lead finance negotiator for a bloc of 39 island states including Fiji and Antigua and Barbuda (AOSIS), said that it would be almost impossible to ensure the extra income streams flow.

“It’s just crazy,” he said.

Countries are obliged under the Paris Agreement to agree to a new fund, and everyone at least agrees it should be bigger.

But with deep divisions over almost every aspect – from the donors to the timelines to the actual sums involved – negotiators in Baku have a mountain to climb.

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