At the historic Umayyad Mosque in the heart of Damascus, a red, white, black and green flag flies.

On the other side of the Syrian capital, former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s palace burns.

An anchor reads the Sunday news: “We announce to you from the Syrian news channel the victory of the great Syrian revolution after 13 years of patience and sacrifice.”

And on the streets, hundreds of people cheer, celebrating the stunning fall of 50 years of the Assad family’s dictatorship.

After less than two weeks of fighting across Syria’s northwest, rebel groups swiftly seized control of the capital. Their presence seemed to catch the regime off guard, forcing Assad to flee to Russia with his family.

In a speech from the Umayyad Mosque on Sunday, Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, the leader of Syria’s main rebel group, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), called the toppling of Assad a “victory for the entire Islamic nation.”

“This is a nation that, if its rights are taken, will continue to demand them until they are restored,” Jolani said, adding that HTS was liberating people who were imprisoned by the Assad regime.

Their swift move into the capital astonished citizens and the rest of the world.

Here’s how the rebels’ ascent to power unfolded:

November 27: Rebel forces launch their first attack

Syrian rebel forces launched a large-scale attack on Assad’s forces in western Aleppo, the first sign of what was to come from their offensive and marking the first flare-up between the two sides in years.

At least 37 people were killed – both regime forces and allied militia – and rebels seized 13 villages, including the strategic towns of Urm al-Sughra and Anjara, as well as Base 46, the largest Syrian regime army base in western Aleppo, according to a statement by opposition factions at the time.

It was unclear then if the attacks meant anything more. Rebel groups said they were in response to recent artillery shelling from Assad’s regime.

But it quickly became clear that wasn’t the case. Three days later, the first city would fall.

November 30: Rebels take control of Aleppo city

On November 30, the rebel groups conducted a lightning-fast offensive, killing dozens of government soldiers and taking control of Aleppo, Syria’s second-largest city.

The Syrian army tacitly acknowledged its forces were in retreat, saying “large numbers of terrorists” had forced it to “implement a redeployment operation.” It said reinforcements were on their way and government forces were preparing for a “counteroffensive.”

December 5: Rebels take control of Hama

The rebels continued their offensive onward to the city of Hama.

Hama is strategically located at a key crossroads in western-central Syria, providing direct supply lines between Damascus and Aleppo.

The Assad regime had held Hama for more than a decade, but by Thursday the Syrian military said it had to withdraw after rebels “penetrated several parts of the city.”

“Guys, my country is being liberated. I swear to God, we are inside Hama city, we are inside Aleppo city,” a fighter cheered as he filmed himself by a local landmark in Hama.

From there, the rebels had their eyes set on Homs.

December 6: Rebels take control of Daraa, the birthplace of the 2011 uprising

The opposition forces continued their push onwards toward Damascus, seizing the city of Daraa with the assistance of rebel factions who represented the Druze sect in the neighboring city of as-Suwayda.

The army said it was “redeploying” after the attack, with rebels attacking the forces from both the north and the south.

In the southern city of Homs, hundreds of people appeared to flee on Friday night as rebel forces said they reached the city wall.

December 7: Homs falls

After moving south for days, the HTS quickly took control of Homs.

On Saturday evening, the HTS said it had “fully liberated” the major city, as Syrians tore down posters of Assad and set fire to them.

“We were able to liberate four Syrian cities within 24 hours: Daraa, Quneitra, Suwayda and Homs,” said Lt. Col. Hassan Abdul Ghani, a spokesperson for the main rebel group, ahead of their entry to Damascus.

After the regime forces left, residents flooded the streets in celebration.

December 8: Damascus – and Assad’s rule – falls to rebels

Early on Sunday morning, Syrian rebels declared the capital of Damascus “liberated” after entering the city with very little resistance from regime forces.

Russian state media soon confirmed that Assad had fled to Moscow, and Jolani addressed Syrians from the Umayyad Mosque. He said: “This victory, my brothers, is a victory for the entire Islamic nation. This new triumph, my brothers, marks a new chapter in the history of the region.”

Haiti’s government says the country’s gangs have crossed a “red line” after allegedly killing over 180 people over the weekend, after a gang leader reportedly blamed Voodoo adherents for his child’s grave illness.

A statement by the Haiti Prime Minister’s office accused gang leader Micanor “Mikanò” Altès and associates of carrying out the massacre on December 6 and 7, in impoverished Cité Soleil, in Haiti’s capital city Port-au-Prince.

Micanor ordered the killing of elderly residents in the Wharf Jérémie area over suspicions that witchcraft had made his child sick, according to Haiti’s National Human Rights Defense Network (RNDDH).

“On Friday, December 6, Micanor shot and killed at least sixty (60) elderly individuals. On Saturday, December 7, he and his group killed at least fifty (50) more using machetes and knives. Despite his actions, his ill child passed away,” it said.

Citing sources in the area, Haiti’s Committee for Peace and Development (CPD) also said the attack targeted “all elderly people and Voodoo practitioners who, in (Micanor’s) imagination, would be capable of casting a bad spell on his son,” and left the bodies of victims mutilated in the streets.

At least 184 people were killed in the massacre, including an estimated 127 elderly men and women, the United Nations said.

“These latest killings bring the death toll just this year in Haiti to a staggering 5,000 people,” Human Rights Chief Volker Türk said at a press conference Monday.

Since the massacre, Wharf Jérémie remains “under an informal siege” with elderly residents and Voodoo adherents still targeted by the broader Haitian gang alliance Viv Ansamn, according to RNDDH.

‘A red line has been crossed’

Haiti’s transitional government has promised to find and bring the perpetrators to justice. “A red line has been crossed, and the State will mobilize all its forces to track down and annihilate these criminals,” a statement from the prime minister’s office said.

For the past year, gangs under the Viv Ansamn banner have been ravaging Port-au-Prince, attacking state institutions including prisons, police stations and the city’s international airport, and forcing hundreds of thousands of Haitian civilians to flee their homes.

The escalating gang-driven chaos prompted the international community to send a multinational policing force to the Caribbean nation over the summer, but the so-called MSS has so far failed to curb Port-au-Prince’s extreme violence.

On Monday, UN Secretary-General António Guterres urged member states to provide more support to the multinational mission, and called for an investigation into the massacre.

Haiti’s National Police over the weekend had insisted that joint operations with the US-backed MSS were running smoothly, denying what it described as online rumors that the two forces were “not working in perfect harmony.”

Multiple formations of Chinese naval and coast guard vessels are moving in waters around the Taiwan Strait and the Western Pacific, Taiwan’s Defense Ministry said Monday, as the island braces for potential military drills by Beijing.

Taiwan’s armed forces had identified Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) vessels from the Eastern, Northern, and Southern Theater Command, as well as Coast Guard vessels entering the areas, the ministry said in statement.

The military movement comes days after Taiwan President Lai Ching-te sparked Beijing’s ire by making unofficial stops in Hawaii and the US territory of Guam during a weeklong South Pacific tour, which wrapped Friday.

Chinese authorities voiced firm opposition to Lai’s trip, referring to him as a “separatist.” Lai’s trip came after the US approved new arms sales to Taiwan, which prompted China to vow “strong countermeasures.”

China’s ruling Communist Party claims the self-ruling democracy as its own territory, despite never having controlled it and views unofficial interactions between the US and Taiwan as a violation of its sovereignty.

Taiwan’s leadership rejects China’s territorial claims over it, while Beijing has vowed to “reunify” with the island and has not ruled out taking it by force.

Taiwan’s Defense Ministry on Monday also said it had started combat readiness exercises “to counter PLA activities” and remained on high alert monitoring the PLA movements.

“Any unilateral provocations could undermine Indo-Pacific peace and stability. We will address all gray zone incursions and ensure our national security,” the ministry said in a post on the social media platform X.

Larger naval deployment

Beijing has in the past used military drills to intimidate Taiwan in response to actions it views as violating its claims over the island – part of a wider trend of its increased military pressure that’s played a role in tightening the unofficial partnership between Washington and Beijing.

In May, days after Lai’s inauguration, China launched two days of large-scale military drills surrounding Taiwan in what it called “punishment” for so-called “separatist acts.” It called those drills “Joint Sword-2024A.”

China then conducted “Joint-Sword-2024B” drills in October, after Lai said during a National Day address that the island was “not subordinate” to China.

The latest military movement by China appears to differ from those two drills, the Taiwan official noted.

Instead of encircling Taiwan, Chinese naval ships appear aiming to assert control within the first island chain – a strategic chain of islands encompassing Japan, Taiwan, parts of the Philippines and Indonesia, the official added.

Taiwan’s Defense Ministry also said on Monday that the PLA had designated seven zones of reserved airspace to the east of its coastal Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, which lie to the north and northwest of Taiwan respectively.

These zones are temporarily reserved for a particular user during a set period, though other aircrafts can still pass through with permission from the controllers of the airspace, according to international aviation rules.

‘Never bow down to authoritarianism’

When asked about the vessels and airspace restrictions cited by Taiwan, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said Monday: “Taiwan is an integral part of China’s territory. The Taiwan issue is China’s internal affair. China will firmly safeguard its national sovereignty and territory.”

Lai made his stopovers in Hawaii and Guam during a tour to the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Palau – who are among a handful of Taiwan’s remaining diplomatic allies. Such unofficial stopovers in the US are customary for Taiwan leaders.

The visit was Lai’s first to the United States since becoming president in May. The leader, who has long faced Beijing’s wrath for championing Taiwan’s sovereignty, used his travel to tout solidarity with likeminded democracies.

During his stop in Guam, Lai called on likeminded countries to “never bow down to totalitarianism.”

“I hope that all of our compatriots, no matter where you are, will make a joint commitment to continue to deepen our democracy and protect it,” Lai said in an address to members of the overseas Taiwan community, as well as Guam Governor Lou Leon Guerrero on Thursday.

Lai also had a phone call with US House of Representatives Speaker Mike Johnson during his stopover on the US territory, which houses some of the most strategically important American bases in the Pacific.

Beijing lashed out at Lai’s travel throughout last week and vowed to “take resolute and strong measures to defend our nation’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

One of the most powerful ethnic minority armed groups battling Myanmar’s army has claimed the capture of the last army outpost in the strategic western town of Maungdaw, gaining full control of the 271-kilometer (168-mile) -long border with Bangladesh.

The capture by the Arakan Army makes the group’s control of the northern part of Rakhine state complete, and marks another advance in its bid for self-rule there.

Rakhine has become a focal point for Myanmar’s nationwide civil war, in which pro-democracy guerrillas and ethnic minority armed forces seeking autonomy battle the country’s military rulers, who took power in 2021 after the army ousted the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Khaing Thukha, a spokesperson for the Arakan Army, told The Associated Press by text message from an undisclosed location late Monday that his group had seized the last remaining military outpost in Maungdaw on Sunday.

Outpost commander Brig.-Gen. Thurein Tun, was captured while attempting to flee the battle, Khaing Thukha said.

The situation in Maungdaw could not be independently confirmed, with access to the internet and mobile phone services in the area mostly cut off.

Myanmar’s military government did not immediately comment.

Maungdaw, about 400 kilometers (250 miles) southwest of Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city, has been the target since June of an Arakan Army offensive. The group captured Paletwa and Buthidaung, two other towns on the border with Bangladesh, earlier this year.

Since November 2023, the Arakan Army has gained control of 11 of Rakhine’s 17 townships, along with one in neighboring Chin state.

Ann, a town in Rakhine that hosts the strategically important military headquarters overseeing the western part of the country, appears to be on the verge of falling entirely to the Arakan Army.

The group said in a statement posted on the Telegram messaging app late Friday that it had taken more than 30 military outposts, except the army’s western command, which controls Rakhine and the southern part of neighboring Chin state, as well as the country’s territorial waters in the Bay of Bengal.

Recent fighting in Rakhine has raised fears of a revival of organized violence against members of the Muslim Rohingya minority, similar to that which drove at least 740,000 members of their community in 2017 to flee to neighboring Bangladesh for safety.

The Arakan Army, which is the military wing of the Buddhist Rakhine ethnic group in Rakhine state, where they are the majority and seek autonomy from Myanmar’s central government, denies the allegations, though witnesses have described the group’s actions to the AP and other media.

Rohingya have lived in Myanmar for generations, but they are widely regarded by many in the country’s Buddhist majority, including members of the Rakhine minority, as having illegally migrated from Bangladesh. The Rohingya face a great amount of prejudice and are generally denied citizenship and other basic rights.

The border between Myanmar and Bangladesh extends from land to the Naf River and offshore in the Bay of Bengal.

The Arakan Army said Sunday it had ordered the suspension of transport across the Naf River because police and local Muslims affiliated with the army were attempting to escape by boat to Bangladesh.

The rebel group has been accused of major human rights violations, particularly involving its capture of the town of Buthidaung in mid-May, when it was accused of forcing an estimated 200,000 residents, largely Rohingyas, to leave, and then setting fire to most of the buildings. It was accused of attacking Rohingya civilians fleeing fighting in Maungdaw in August.

The Arakan Army is also part of an armed ethnic alliance that launched an offensive in northeastern Myanmar in October last year and gained strategic territory along the border with China.

Animal rights activists have urged the Nepali government to stop what they’ve called “an appalling bloodbath” after they claimed thousands of animals were killed as part of a festival held every five years that traditionally ends with a mass sacrifice.

At least 4,200 buffaloes and thousands of goats and pigeons were killed during a mass sacrifice held as part of the Gadhimai festival, in Bariyarpur village near the Nepal- India border, according to Humane Society International India (HSI).

Participants believe that sacrificing animals in the Gadhimai temple pleases the Goddess Gadhimai, who will then grant them wishes or good fortune. Animals are also sacrificed to celebrate the birth of sons.

In 2016 Nepal’s supreme court ordered a gradual phasing out of the practice of animal sacrifice that once saw as many as half a million animals killed, but activists say not enough is being done to end it.

“That’s why the sacrifice this year was limited,” he added.

‘They will never be able to stop it’

Animal rights groups have been campaigning to end the slaughter for a decade but have faced resistance from community members who are honoring a custom dating back more than 200 years.

Before the festival, Upendra Kushwaha, 20, said his family has been participating in the event for generations, and would be sacrificing a buffalo this year.

“It happens only once in five years, so we have to do it, it brings goodwill, it keeps us safe,” Kushwaha said.

When asked about the animal rights organizations’ attempt to stop the practice, Kushwaha said: “This is part of our culture, it’s our tradition, they will never be able to stop it.”

Shristi Bhandari, executive director of Jane Goodall Institute Nepal (JGIN), said she understands where the villagers are coming from.

“Animals are sacrificed in various religious rituals in Nepal year-round, so they feel why are they being singled out, why is all this attention, and international attention, on them.”

But Arkaprava Bhar, from HSI, who has witnessed the sacrifice, says it’s the most horrific thing he’s ever seen.

“They have butchers who come and slaughter the buffaloes in a row, it’s a massacre,” he said.

HSI India said that police were also deployed around the temple this year. Yadav, the mayor, said that police had to be deployed for crowd control.

In 2009, before the activists started their campaign, they said some half a million animals were killed, but that had dropped by half during subsequent festivals. This year, they predicted the numbers could soar again, but the figures suggest that hasn’t happened – and their efforts may be paying off.

Volunteers have been working with communities on the ground to discourage them from the practice: sensitizing children in schools, holding community meetings, carrying out awareness drives, and speaking to temple authorities.

All of this together has resulted in some shift in attitudes, Bhandari said.

She said the temple told people they may donate money instead of offering an animal for sacrifice, designating specific amounts for each animal.

“People, particularly women, have started to be more receptive to this and this year the temple has also provided an alternative,” Bhandari said.

“This is a major step, it took years and years of campaigning to get here,” Bhandari said.

A long campaign

Before this year’s festival, animal rights activists mobilized on the border to help Indian police intercept and confiscate animals suspected of being transported to the temple.

Efforts have been focused on the border since a 2014 ruling by the Indian Supreme Court that ordered the Indian government to prevent the illegal crossing of animals.

“We rescued buffaloes from the back of trucks, goats smuggled in scarves on the back of motorbikes, chickens strung upside by their feet on the side of vehicles and baskets and boxes of pigeons,” said Bhar.

“The suffering these animals endure is so upsetting and so unnecessary.”

In all, activists saved more than 750 animals, including 69 buffaloes, 325 goats, 328 pigeons and two chickens, which will be re-homed or released to the wild.

“About 80% of animals come from India so we have been working with the SSB (the Indian central armed police force responsible for patrolling to India-Nepal border) to rescue the animals,” Sneha Shrestha, president of the Federation of Animal Welfare of Nepal said.

However, the border is porous and not all of the trade can be stopped.

“We can only operate at the various checkpoints but villagers know these areas well and take internal routes so we can’t always stop it,” said Bhar of HSI India.

Shrestha works on the Nepal side of the border. Since there’s no outright ban on the slaughter in Nepal, there is little activists can do to push people to stop it, she said.

“We can only talk to people and convince them, we have no authority to take the animals from them,” Shrestha said. “No animal should die in the name of religion or tradition. Temples are not slaughterhouses, and we must not turn them into one.”

As Syrians rejoiced across the country this week, many began the frantic search for missing loved ones who had been forcibly disappeared under Bashar al-Assad’s brutal dictatorship.

Crowds have descended on the notorious Saydnaya prison, which had become synonymous with arbitrary detention, torture and murder. Under the glaring sun, people poured toward the notorious facility north of Damascus, as traffic stretched for miles and some left their cars to walk the last stretch uphill, past barbed wire fences and watchtowers.

Just as Assad’s palaces revealed the extent of the family’s opulent wealth and luxurious lifestyle, his prisons have confirmed horrors that Syrians have known all too well over the past five decades.

The Assad regime’s notorious detention facilities were black holes where, as far back as the 1970s, anyone deemed an opponent disappeared. Saydnaya was one of the most infamous sites, known as “the slaughterhouse” – where as many as 13,000 people were hanged between 2011 and 2015, according to Amnesty International.

Unsurprisingly, it was one of the first locations rebels focused on as they swept toward Damascus in a lightning offensive.

After rebel fighters toppled Assad on Sunday, sending the dictator fleeing to Russia, images surfaced of Saydnaya prisoners being released – prompting many Syrians to flood social media seeking help to locate their loved ones.

By Monday, many had taken matters into their own hands and surged into the prison, spurred on by rumors that thousands were still imprisoned in deeper levels of the facility, an underground area known as the “red section.”

One woman, Maysoon Labut, came from Dara’a, the southern Syrian city that became the epicenter of anti-regime protests at the start of the Arab Spring and experienced the full force of Assad’s brutal response as he launched a crackdown that tipped the country into 13 years of civil war.

Labut was looking for her three brothers and son-in-law. She was breathless and emotional as she spoke.

A desperate search fueled by fear

This was the rumor that spurred the crowds on Monday – the idea that somewhere buried inside Saydnaya was a warren of undiscovered holding cells packed with missing Syrians.

But it’s not clear if the area even exists, deepening fears that those deemed missing may never be found.

The volunteer organization Syrian Civil Defense, also known as the White Helmets, deployed special teams to the prison who drilled and hammered through concrete on Monday.

Rebel fighters shouted for people to be quiet so that the voices of any detainees trapped inside might be heard by the rescue workers. A hush fell over the crowd and some got down on their knees as they waited for confirmation. A sniffer dog lent support. But no entrance was found.

In a statement later Monday, the White Helmets said they’d found “no evidence of undiscovered secret cells or basements,” or any “unopened or hidden areas within the facility.” They said the search for possible prisoners at the prison had ended and urged people on social media to avoid spreading misinformation.

The Association of Detainees and the Missing in Seydnayah Prison (ADMSP) said all prisoners had been released by midday Sunday, and that claims about detainees trapped underground were “unfounded” and “inaccurate.”

But the desperation of families combing through the prison on Monday – sifting through the vast trove of documents left behind, using cellphone flashlights in the darkness – reflects the agony of waiting for years with no clue what had happened to their loved ones within Saydnaya’s cramped and dingy cells.

One woman held up a photo of her brother, taken 12 years ago, his fate unknown. He would be 42 by now, she said.

“He has two girls and a son he has never met. We just want to be sure if he’s dead or alive. God knows,” she said.

Some of the newly freed have reunited with their ecstatic families – but it’s bittersweet after their long detention.

Suheil Hamawi, 61, spent more than three decades imprisoned in various Syrian jails, and finally returned home to his northern Lebanese village of Chekka on Monday.

“It’s a very beautiful feeling, a truly beautiful feeling,” Hamawi told the news agency AFP. “I’ve discovered that love is still here, and family is still here.”

However, returning home made the former prisoner realize how many years he had missed out on.

“I have grandchildren, but I never felt my age until my son’s daughter called me ‘Grandpa,’” Hamawi said. “That’s when I realized I had lost such a long period of time.”